1. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE); skin, clinical presentation of the malar (butterfly) rash
The typical malar rash of SLE. The "butterfly" area refers to the bridge of the nose and cheeks. However, the rash also frequently involves the trunk and extremities. The rash is often incited or exacerbated by sunlight or other stresses that cause increased circulation to the skin. Other skin signs may include blisters, maculopapular lesions, urticaria, and ulcerations. Considering the etiology of the symptoms in this disease, characterize what might be seen histopathologically in the skin. Answer
Comment: The collagen vascular diseases are associated with some common but non-diagnostic skin manifestations. Consider what these are for SLE, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatomyositis, and what their possible mechanisms might be.

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