4. Diabetic Retinopathy
The retina in diabetics provides an opportunity to visualize the small blood vessels directly. Diabetics have a constellation of changes in their retina, collectively called diabetic retinopathy. This funduscopic photograph shows a large pale area of edema around the central avascular macula. There are numerous small new blood vessels at the periphery of this zone (neovascularization), as well as several hemorrhagic foci. What is the pathogenesis of this change? Answer
What other changes may be seen in the retina? Answer
What are the other ocular complications of diabetes? Answer

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