1. Describe the sequence of vascular changes (vasodilation, increased permeability) and their purpose.
2. What are the mechanisms of increased vascular permeability? What vessels are affected in the immediate transient response?
3. Describe the steps involved in extravasation of leukocytes from the blood to the tissues. What are the steps at which selectins and integrins act? (Robbins 5th Ed., Figs. 3-7, 3-8, and 3-9) or (Robbins 6th Ed., Figs. 3-6, 3-7, and 3-9) will be helpful.
4. Define the terms edema, transudate, and exudate.
5. Describe the meaning and utility of chemotaxis. What role do chemokines play in inflammation?
6. Describe the steps involved in phagocytosis and the role of IgG and C3b as opsonins. What are the leukocyte receptors for these opsonins? What role do collectins play in phagocytosis?
7. Chemical mediators of inflammation are numerous and are described on p.( Robbins 5th Ed., p. 64-74) or (Robbins 6th Ed., p. 65-78) You should learn the major effects of the mediators as summarized in (Robbins 5th Ed., Table 3-4) or (Robbins 6th Ed., Table 3-6) and conversely, list the most likely mediators of each of the steps of inflammation summarized in (Robbins 5th Ed.,Table 3-5) or (Robbins 6th Ed., Table 3-7) and in italics on (Robbins 5th Ed., p. 74) or (Robbins 6th Ed., p. 77-78) .
8. Compare and contrast acute vs. chronic inflammation with respect to causes, nature of the inflammatory response, and tissue changes.
9. What are the clinical settings in which different types of inflammatory cells accumulate in tissues (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, monocyte-macrophages, and lymphocytes)? Compare and contrast the contents of neutrophil and eosinophil granules.
10. Describe the differences between the various cell types in terms of their regeneration potential (i.e., labile, stable, and permanent cells). List examples of each cell type.
11. Distinguish between fibrinous, purulent, and serous inflammation; define an abscess.
12. List the systemic manifestations of inflammation and their general physiology including fever, leukocyte left shift, and acute phase reactants (Robbins 6th Ed. p. 86).
1. (Robbins 5th Ed., p. 51-92, 1038-1039) or (Robbins 6th Ed., p. 50-112, 86, 1039-1040)
2. Images in Inflammation and Repair Case Studies folder: Case 1
Images 1 - 6 are related to the case; 7 - 9 relate to other objectives
An 18-year-old female presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain, which has been progressive over the last 3 days. She was due for her menstrual period about the time her symptoms started. She admits to being sexually active with several partners in the past 2 months and the inconsistent use of contraception. Physical exam reveals marked lower abdominal/pelvic tenderness and a purulent vaginal discharge. She is febrile (39° C) at the time of exam. Her CBC is significant for a WBC count of 15,000 with 82% PMN, 6% bands and metamyelocytes.